Forces of Evolution Essay Assignment Paper

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 Forces of Evolution Essay Assignment Paper

 

 

Question 1

Report the calculated survival frequencies (these will be in decimal form) of each phenotype of shell bugs at each generation for Exercise 2A and 2B. Two simple tables would be preferred.

Question 2

The procedure asked you to graph the survival frequencies of the two phenotypes of shell bug for the two different sized populations. Look at the two graphs that you plotted for Exercise 2A and 2B. Consider their similarities and differences. Explain how genetic drift effects the phenotype proportions differently in the large (150) population and the small (50) population. Do the different phenotypes trend steadily up or down or do they fluctuate? Do they stay the same over the generations? Consider each of these question for each sized population.

Question 3

Write a Discussion/Conclusion to Exercise 1. An appropriate discussion is a paragraph or two that includes identification and restatement of the hypothesis, a sentence that definitively states whether or not your data supported (NOT PROVED) your hypothesis followed by specific examples from your data that defends that statement of support of lack of support. There should be an explanation of the concept being investigated (how predators can influence a phenotype frequency), and finally describe anything that occurred during the experiment that may have biased your results (i.e. trouble with calculations, dog ate your data sheet, children at your shell bugs, etc.) This question is worth 4 points. You should have at least four sentences.

Question 4

Evolution is defined in your lab procedures a “changes in the frequency of a particular phenotype over several generations”. Look at your data table for Exercise 1. Did your population of shell bugs should undergo evolution. How do you know?

Question 5

What “force” or mechanism for evolution is demonstrated in Exercise 1?

Question 6

Report the calculated survival frequencies (these will be in decimal form) of each phenotype of shell bugs at each generation of Exercise 1. A simple table format would be preferred.

Question 7

From reading your procedures and textbook on the topic, what size population, large (150) or small (50) is more likely to be influenced by genetic drift? Did your results reflect this?

Question 8

Some examples of “artificial” selection might be

a. development of “tea-cup” poodles

b. the creation of dinosaurs that occurred long ago

c. development of drought-resistant corn

d. breeding of race horses

e. breeding of hairless cats

Question 9

Genetic drift is most significant for ____ populations.

a. small

b. all of these are equal

c. medium-sized

d. large

Question 10

How would biologists determine if a population is evolving?

Question 11

Biologists consider evolution to be

a. just a theory

b. some relatively insignificant thinking

c. a fundamental part of the biological sciences

d. a hypothesis

Question 12

Genetic drift is defined as random changes that can occur in a population’s allele frequency. In this case, _______________ would not play a role in the reproductive success of individuals

a. bottleneck affect

b. different phenotypes

c. inbreeding

d. storms and other natural disasters

Question 13

Charles Darwin suggested _______________ as a mechanism that causes evolution.

a. artificial selection

b. natural selection

c. genetic drift

Chapter 16 Ecology(Biology)

Question 1

Describe a mutualistic interaction between two (or more) species.

Question 2

What is an ecological pyramid, and why does it narrow toward the top? Describe the pathway of energy flow through the ecosystem.

Question 3

What is a niche?

A. A mating system in which one male mates with several females

B. An example of population cycling

C. An evolutionary arm race

D. A plant structure containing many flowers

E. The particular set of resources a species uses

Question 4

Describe the pathway and main reservoir of the following: (a) the carbon cycle, (b) the oxygen cycle, and (c) the nitrogen cycle. what are these cycles known as?

Question 5  

What is the competitive exclusion principle?

		A conclusion that says one species benefits while the other is harmed
		A conclusion that says that if two or more species attempt to utilize the same resource in a habitat, it will have a negative effect on the species that is newer to the habitat.
		A conclusion that says two competitors cannot coexist
		A conclusion that says two competitors may peacefully coexist.
		A conclusion that says both species benefit

Chapter 17 Biodiversity and Human Affairs

Question 1

What is the Blitzkrieg Hypothesis? List one alternative hypothesis that could account for the same phenomenon. Why are we considered to be living in the 6th mass extinction, in other words, what are the two main factors leading to this event?

Question 2  

What is one possible effect of removing a keystone species from an ecosystem?

		Decreased biodiversity
		Increased species evenness
		Increased species richness
		Increased species stability
		Increased biodiversity

Question 3  

What are the three main components of biodiversity?

		Species diversity, species-area relationship, and species evenness
		Species richness, species abundance, and species evenness
		Genetic diversity, species abundance, and species evenness
		Species diversity, species productivity, and species stability
		Species diversity, genetic diversity, and habitat diversity

Question 4

Define the following terms: species richness, species abundance, and species evenness. Which of the following hypothesis best supports biodiversity and why?: Climate Hypothesis, Productivity Hypothesis, Stability Hypothesis

Question 5

Describe what have ecologists learned about the relationship between biodiversity and the stability of an ecosystem? How does this relate to the spotted owl controversy?

Chapter 18 Human Population Growth

Question 1

Why does a population size level off as it approaches carrying capacity? What is the difference in carrying capacity between a population experiencing exponential growth to one experiencing logistic growth?

Question 2

What are the four factors that determine a population’s growth rate?

		Birth rate, death rate, carrying capacity and emigration rate
		Birth rate, death rate, immigration rate, and emigration rate
		Birth rate, death rate, doubling time, and carrying capacity
		Birth rate, death rate, compounding, and immigration rate
		Birth rate, death rate, doubling time, and compounding

Question 3

What information is shown in an age pyramid?

		Sex ratio and age structure of a population
		Demography and sex ratio of a population
		logistic growth and age structure
		Carrying capacity and sex ratio
		Exponential growth and logistic growth

Question 4  

Briefly explain two reasons why a government would want an accurate census of its population.

Question 5

What are density-dependent factors? Give examples of potential density-dependent factors for a top predator, like a wolf, and a hibernating creature, like a bear. How did Thomas Malthus influence Darwin’s development of the Theory of Evolution?

Lab: Bio diversity and Evolution

 

 Forces of Evolution Essay Assignment Paper

Question 1

1.  Do birds have anything in common with dinosaurs?

		yes
		no

Question 2

1.  With which archaic human species did some of the ancestors of modern Europeans interbreed during the past 100,000 years?

		Devisonvan
		Australopithicus afarensis
		Homo erectus
		Homo habilis
		Neanderthal

Question 3

1.  What can you infer from the tree you just built with the primate skulls?

		A. afarensis is more closely related to living chimpanzees than to living humans.
		Larger brains are a trait that separate the genus Homo from their closest relatives.
		H. erectus is more closely related to H. neanderthalesis than H. sapiens.
		The closest living relative of H. sapiens is H. erectus

 Forces of Evolution Essay Assignment Paper

Question 4

1.  What trait to the Stick Insect, Goldfish, Kingsnake, and Dog all have in common?

		amniotes
		backbones
		bilateral symmetry

Question 5

1.  What is the first trait that helped aquatic species evolve into creatures that live on land?

		webbed digits
		eyes located on top of head
		strong arm-like bones

Question 6

1.  Which of the following species does not have tail flukes?

		Pakicetus
		Blue whale
		Dorudon
		Killer whale

Question 7

1.  Is an animal or a plant more closely related to a fungus?

		animal
		plant

Question 8

1.  In 2013, scientists found that coelacanths are not the closest relative of four-footed amphibians and other animals. Which species is?

		Midas cichlid
		Western clawed frog
		Great white shark
		South American lungfish

 

 Forces of Evolution Essay Assignment Paper

Question 9

1.  Based on the tree you have constructed, who is your closest living relative

		Chimpanzee
		Gorilla
		Orangutan

Question 10

1.  The DNA sequence of the West Indian Ocean coelacanth is closest to which species?

		Midas cichlid
		Western clawed frog

Question 11

1.  If a new species of honeycreeper were discovered, and it had a short, straight beak, which bird in this puzzle would likely be its closest living relative?

		Kaua’i ‘amakihi“““
		Po’ouli
		`I’iwi
		‘Akiapola’au`

Question 12

1.  Which ape virus is most closely related to the HIV virus that has killed about 39 million people due to AIDS

		Gorrilla SIV
		Chimp SIV EK505
		Chimp SIV MB897
		Chimp SIV TAN1

Question 13

1.  Is a banana more closely related to a lemon or an onion?

		lemon
		onion

Question 14

1.  Which antivenom will save Tyler?

		Antivenom A
		Antivenom B
		Antivenom C
		Antivenom D

Question 15

1.  What is one possible evolutionary inference scientist can make using the DNA from a tree in South American that is genetically similar to one in Australia?

		Both species share an ancestor that lived when the world had supercontinents.
		Just a coincidence.
		The trees are adapted to seawater and floated between continents.
		No inferences can be made.

 

 

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